Visual perceptual processing is unaffected by cognitive fatigue.

Cognitive fatigue (CF) can lead to an increase in the latency of simple reaction time, although the processes involved in this delay are unknown. One potential explanation is that a longer time may be required for sensory processing of relevant stimuli. To investigate this possibility, the current study used a visual inspection time task to measure perceptual processing speed before and after a CF (math and memory) or non-fatiguing (documentary film) intervention. Subjective fatigue and simple reaction time significantly increased following the CF, but not the non-fatiguing intervention, confirming that CF was induced. Conversely, there was no effect of CF on inspection time task performance. It was therefore concluded that the speed of perceptual processing is not significantly impacted by CF, and thus is unlikely to underlie CF-related reaction time increases. Instead, increases in simple reaction time latency in CF may be due to delays in response preparation or initiation.

Long term sustained attention alters dynamic functional connectivity patterns.

Mental fatigue has attracted much attention from researchers as it plays a key role in performance efficiency and safety situations. Functional connectivity analysis using graph theory is an effective method for revealing changes in cognition resources influenced by mental fatigue. Previous studies have revealed that functional networks are dynamically reorganized. Therefore, it is critical to explore dynamic timescales of networks related to specific cognitive abilities. In this study, we used an open EEG dataset of twenty-one subjects recorded in a 60-minutes sustained attention task. After preprocessing, we constructed connectivity matrices using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI) in the theta band and characterized them with dynamic graph measures, namely characteristic path length (CPL) and clustering coefficient (CC). The results show that the frontal-parietal brain networks in theta band are involved in a sustaining attention task. When averaging from temporal and spatial activations, CPL and CC decreased with time-on-task. Our results indicate that mental fatigue results in deteriorations in sustaining attention, and graph theory analysis can provide support for mental fatigue analysis.Clinical Relevance- Identification of the effects of long term sustained attention on dynamic brain networks may be potential for mechanism study and detection of mental states and attentional deficits caused by mental diseases.

Mental fatigue, cognitive performance and autonomic response following sustained mental activity in clinical burnout.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of sustained mental activity on perceptions of mental fatigue, cognitive performance, and autonomic response in patients with clinical burnout as compared to a healthy control group. METHODS: Patients with clinical burnout (n = 30) and healthy control participants (n = 30) completed a 3-hour test session, in which they were administered a set of cognitive tests before and after an effortful cognitive task with concurrent sound exposure. Perceptions of mental fatigue and task demands (mental effort and concentration difficulties) were assessed repeatedly over the course of the test session. Heart rate variability was recorded to index autonomic response. RESULTS: In comparison with controls, perceived mental fatigue increased earlier in the session for the clinical burnout group and did not recover following a short rest period. Throughout the session, patients rated the tasks as more demanding and showed less improvement on measures of attention and processing speed, inhibition and working memory. While autonomic responses were initially comparable, there was a unique decrease in high-frequency heart rate variability in the clinical burnout group after extended testing and exposure. CONCLUSION: Patients with clinical burnout are affected differently than healthy controls by sustained mental activity, as reflected by ratings of perceived mental fatigue, aspects of cognitive performance and autonomic response. Further investigation into the role of autonomic regulation in relation to cognitive symptoms in clinical burnout is warranted.

Work performance in industry: The impact of mental fatigue and a passive back exoskeleton on work efficiency.

Mental fatigue (MF) is likely to occur in the industrial working population. However, the link between MF and industrial work performance has not been investigated, nor how this interacts with a passive lower back exoskeleton used during industrial work. Therefore, to elucidate its potential effect(s), this study investigated the accuracy of work performance and movement duration through a dual task paradigm and compared results between mentally fatigued volunteers and controls, with and without the exoskeleton. No main effects of MF and the exoskeleton were found. However, when mentally fatigued and wearing the exoskeleton, movement duration significantly increased compared to the baseline condition (ßMF:Exo = 0.17, p = .02, ω2 = .03), suggesting an important interaction between the exoskeleton and one's psychobiological state. Importantly, presented data indicate a negative effect on production efficiency through increased performance time. Further research into the cognitive aspects of industrial work performance and human-exoskeleton interaction is therefore warranted.

Ingestion of taxifolin-rich foods affects brain activity, mental fatigue, and the whole blood transcriptome in healthy young adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

The antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which are found in most plants, have been shown to be useful for maintaining health, including enhancing brain function and alleviating stress. We aimed to investigate the effect of a single intake of taxifolin-containing foods on cognitive task performance and whole blood gene expression in healthy young adults. This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial in which healthy young adults were administered a single dose of either a placebo or food containing taxifolin. Cognitive tests (serial 3s, serial 7s, and rapid visual information processing) to examine brain activity and visual analog scale questionnaires to analyze mental fatigue were applied. The set of tests was repeated four times. The findings showed that taxifolin intake improved calculation abilities and reduced mental fatigue. An analysis of whole blood gene expression before and after the test revealed that the expression of foreign substance removal-related genes increased following the ingestion of taxifolin and that most differentially expressed genes were enriched in granulocytes. Taxifolin intake was shown to affect the brain activity of healthy young adults and demonstrated an antifatigue effect, thereby reducing subjective fatigue. A single intake of taxifolin may enhance the removal of foreign substances by strengthening the innate immune system and suppressing the occurrence of injury.

Quantitative and qualitative workload assessment in steep terrain forest operations: fostering a safer work environment through yarder automation.

Many forestry roles have changed from being manual tasks with a high physical workload to being a machine operator task with a high mental workload. Automation can support a decrease in mental fatigue by removing tasks that are repetitive and monotonous for the operators. Cable yarding presents an ideal opportunity for early adoption of automation technology; specifically the carriage movement along a defined corridor. A Valentini V-850 cable yarder was used in an Italian harvesting setting, in order to gauge the ergonomic benefit of carriage control automation. The study showed that automating yarder carriage movements improved the ergonomic situation of the workers directly involved in the related primary tasks. However, the caveat is that improving one work task may negatively affect the other work tasks, and therefore introducing automation to a worksite must be done after considering all impacts on the whole system. Practitioner summary: Automation decreased the winch operator's mental workload while improving overall productivity. At the same time, the mental and physiological workload of the operator tasked with bucking were slightly increased. Ideally, winch automation should be coupled with bucking mechanisation to balance the intervention and boost both operator well-being and productivity.

Quick coherence technique facilitating commercial pilots' psychophysiological resilience to the impact of COVID-19.

This study investigates the effect of quick coherence technique (QCT) on commercial pilots' resilience to the unprecedented impact of a pandemic. Eighteen commercial pilots voluntarily participated in a 2-day training course on QCT followed by 2 months of self-regulated QCT practicing during controlled rest in the flight deck and day-to day life. There are subjective and objective assessments to evaluate the effects of QCT on commercial pilots' psychophysiological resilience. Results demonstrated that QCT training can significantly increase pilots' psychophysiological resilience thereby improving their mental/physical health, cognitive functions, emotional stability and wellness on both subjective (PSS & AWSA) and objective measures (coherence scores). Moreover, pilots who continued practicing self-regulated QCT gained the maximum benefits. Current research has identified great potential to enhance pilots' mental/physical health via QCT training. Operators can develop peer support programs for pilots to increase resilience and maintain mental and physical health using the QCT technique. Practitioner summary: QCT breathing has been proven to increase commercial pilots' resilience by moderating psychophysiological coherence, strengthening mental/physical capacity and sustaining positive emotions to deal with the challenges both on the flight deck and in everyday life.HIGHLIGHTSPilots have suffered from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic across many factors including social, economic, mental, physical, emotional, and operational issuesBiofeedback training can increase commercial pilots' resilience by moderating psychophysiological coherence, strengthening mental and physical capacitySelf-regulated practicing QCT to form a habitual behaviour is required to sustain the maximum benefits either in the flight or day-to-day lifeQCT is an effective intervention for aviation authorities and airline operators to develop peer support programs to increase pilots' fatigue resilience.

Effects of Mental Fatigue on Reaction Time in Sportsmen.

AIM: Mental fatigue (MF) has been defined as a psychobiological state commonly caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. However, the differences between women and men in their reaction times (RTs) to visual stimuli due to mental fatigue remain largely unknown. We compare the differences in RT and heart rate after an acute intervention of mental fatigue between male and female athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this aim, 64 participants (age 31.7 ± 6.2 y) performed a routine of 15 min of the Stroop test (PsyTool), with 600 tasks and five different colors. Their heart rate (HR) was registered before, during, and one, three, and five minutes after the Stroop test. Meanwhile, the RT was evaluated before and after the Stroop test. A general linear mixed model (GLMM) and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the HR between the conditions and an ANOVA two-way analysis was used to compare the values pre-/post-Stroop test. (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The GLMM for HR showed an effect on the time (p < 0.001) and the time × group interaction (p = 0.004). The RT was significantly increased pre- to post-Stroop test (p < 0.05); however, there was no difference between the pre- and post-HR measurements (p = 1.000) and the measurements one (p = 0.559), three (p = 1.000) and five (p = 1.000) min after the Stroop test. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that the parasympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system which functions as a relaxation system tends to be activated under increasing mental fatigue, with a decreased performance (RT) similarly in men and women. Therefore, athletes could use MF induced during training to improve the time delay related to motor tasks.

Ketone Ester Supplementation Improves Some Aspects of Cognitive Function during a Simulated Soccer Match after Induced Mental Fatigue.

Ketone supplementation has been proposed to enhance cognition during exercise. To assess whether any benefits are due to reduced cognitive fatigue during the latter portions of typical sport game action, we induced cognitive fatigue, provided a ketone monoester supplement (KME) vs. a non-caloric placebo (PLAC), and assessed cognitive performance during a simulated soccer match (SSM). In a double-blind, balanced, crossover design, nine recreationally active men (174.3 ± 4.2 cm, 76.6 ± 7.4 kg, 30 ± 3 y, 14.2 ± 5.5 % body fat, V˙O2 max = 55 ± 5 mL·kg BM−1·min−1; mean ± SD) completed a 45-min SSM (3 blocks of intermittent, variable intensity exercise) consuming either KME (25 g) or PLAC, after a 40-min mental fatiguing task. Cognitive function (Stroop and Choice Reaction Task [CRT]) and blood metabolites were measured throughout the match. KME reduced concentrations of both blood glucose (block 2: 4.6 vs. 5.2 mM, p = 0.02; block 3: 4.7 vs. 5.3 mM, p = 0.01) and blood lactate (block 1: 4.7 vs. 5.4 mM, p = 0.05; block 2: 4.9 vs. 5.9 mM, p = 0.01) during the SSM vs. PLAC, perhaps indicating a CHO sparing effect. Both treatments resulted in impaired CRT performance during the SSM relative to baseline, but KME displayed a reduced (p < 0.05) performance decrease compared to PLAC (1.3 vs. 3.4% reduction in correct answers, p = 0.02). No other differences in cognitive function were seen. These data suggest that KME supplementation attenuated decrements in CRT during repeated, high intensity, intermittent exercise. More study is warranted to assess fully the potential cognitive/physical benefits of KME for athletes.

Mental Fatigue Effects on the Produced Perception of Effort and Its Impact on Subsequent Physical Performances.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental fatigue induced by a demanding cognitive task and impaired physical performance in endurance due to a higher perception of effort. A total of 12 healthy adults and volunteers, who had previously practiced endurance activities for 4 to 8 h per week, performed a one-hour cognitive task involving either the process of response inhibition (Stroop task) or not (visualization of a documentary as control task), then 20 min of pedaling on a cycle ergometer at a constant perception of effort while cardio-respiratory and neuromuscular functions were measured. The Stroop task induces subjective feelings of mental fatigue (vigor: 3.92 ± 2.61; subjective workload: 58.61 ± 14.57) compared to the control task (vigor: 5.67 ± 3.26; p = 0.04; subjective workload: 32.5 ± 10.1; p = 0.005). This fatigue did not act on the produced perceived effort, self-imposed, and did not affect the cardio-respiratory or neuromuscular functions during the subsequent physical task whose type was medium-term endurance. Regardless of the mental condition, the intensity of physical effort is better controlled when the participants in physical activity control their perception of effort. Mental fatigue does not affect subsequent physical performance but estimated perceived exertion, which increases with the intensity and duration of the exercise.

Do Cognitive, Physical, and Combined Tasks Induce Similar Levels of Mental Fatigue? Testing the Effects of Different Moderating Variables.

Experts have highlighted the importance of coaches knowing the level of mental fatigue (MF) induced by different tasks. This study aimed to compare the mentally fatiguing nature of cognitive, physical, and combined tasks and, additionally, assess the effect of different moderating variables on MF. Twenty-three physically active (16 males: Mage = 24 years; seven females: Mage = 22.57 years) participants performed three experimental sessions: (a) physically fatiguing: 30 min of cycloergometer work (at 65%-75% of maximum heart rate), (b) mentally fatiguing: 30 min of an incongruent Stroop task, and (c) mixed fatiguing: 30 min of combining the physically and mentally fatiguing protocols. Subjective MF (visual analog scale), reaction time (psychomotor vigilance task), and cognitive performance (Stroop) were measured throughout the different protocols. Results showed significant increments in subjective MF after all tasks, with the mental and mixed protocols showing significantly higher increases. Only the mentally fatiguing protocol caused significant impairments in reaction time. No significant effects of sex, years of experience, or degree of mental toughness were observed. These results suggest that the use of all these tasks, and especially the mentally fatiguing exercises, should be avoided immediately prior to competitions due to the negative consequences of MF on performance. Moreover, this effect seems to be independent of the sex, years of experience, or mental toughness of athletes.

The effects of mental fatigue on effort allocation: Modeling and estimation.

Mental fatigue is usually accompanied by drops in task performance and reduced willingness for further exertion. A value-based theoretical account may help to explain such negative effects. In this view, mental fatigue influences perceived costs and rewards of exerting effort. However, no formal mathematical framework has yet been proposed to model and quantitatively estimate the effects of mental fatigue on subjective evaluations of effort expenditure, under possibly imperfect self-perceptions of internal fatigue states. We proposed a mathematical framework to model human cognitive effort allocations, assuming mental fatigue states are partially observable with semi-Markov dynamics. We modeled effort allocation decisions as a means to the goal of maximizing cumulative subjective values over a given time horizon. We developed an estimation method to identify subjective values and the hidden dynamics of mental fatigue, which can in future work be applied to self-reports, psychophysiological indices, and behavioral outcomes associated with fatigue. The modeling and estimation method was tested using a simulated n-back task under a free-choice paradigm, with model parameters fine-tuned from past studies. The proposed approach was able to recapitulate task performance and task engagement patterns observed under mental fatigue. This work advances a reward/cost trade-off account for explaining the exertion of mental effort and suggests new avenues for both theoretically and empirically relevant understandings of how cognitive operations are affected by mental fatigue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Mental fatigue mediates the relationship between cognitive functions and return to productive activity following traumatic brain injury: a mediation analysis.

PURPOSE: We performed a mediation analysis to investigate how mental fatigue mediates the relationship between cognitive functions and the return to productive activity following TBI. METHODS: One hundred and one people (≥20 years) with first-time TBI more than 3 months who completed a series of cognitive tasks followed by Chinese versions of the Mental Fatigue Scale and Community Integration Questionnaire-Revised. Mediation analysis was used to test our hypotheses. RESULTS: Recognition memory and information processing speed were the only cognitive functions correlated with mental fatigue (B = -0.56 and -0.37, P = .04 and < 0.001) and the return to productive activity (B = 0.69 and 0.19, both P < .001) after controlling for confounders. Mental fatigue partially mediated the associations of recognition memory and information processing speed with the return to productive activity (B = 0.15 and 0.08, P = .001 and < 0.001, proportion of mediation = 22% and 46%) after the adjustment of confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that mental fatigue can partially mediate the relationship between cognitive deficits and return to productive activity. Mental fatigue can be considered a crucial, treatable mediator of the adverse effects of cognitive impairment upon return to productive activity following TBI.

Dynamic Reorganization of Functional Connectivity During Post-Break Task Reengagement.

Because of the undesired fatigue-related consequences, accumulating efforts have been made to find an effective intervention to alleviate the suboptimal cognitive function caused by mental fatigue. Nonetheless, limitations of intervention and evaluation methods may hinder the revealing of underlying neural mechanisms of fatigue recovery. Through the newly-developed dynamic functional connectivity (FC) analysis framework, this study aims to investigate the effects of two types of mid-task interventions (i.e., rest-break and moderate-intensity exercise-break) on the dynamic reorganization of FC during the execution of psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Using a sliding window approach, temporal brain networks within each frequency band (i.e., δ , θ , α , & ß ) were estimated before and immediately after the intervention, and towards the end of the task to investigate the immediate and delayed effects respectively during post-break task reengagement. Behaviourally, similar beneficial effects of exercise- and rest-break on performance were observed, manifested by the immediate improvements after both interventions and a long-lasting influence towards the end of tasks. Moreover, temporal brain networks assessment showed significant immediate decreases of fluctuability, which was followed by an increase of fluctuability towards the end of intervention tasks. Furthermore, the temporal nodal measure revealed the channels with significant differences across tasks were mainly resided in the fronto-parietal areas that exhibited interesting frequency-dependent distribution. The observations of immediate and delayed dynamic FC reorganizations extend previous fatigue-related intervention and static FC studies, and provide new insight into the dynamic characteristics of FC during post-break task reengagement.

The Effect of Mental Fatigue and Gender on Working Memory Performance during Repeated Practice by Young and Older Adults.

Working memory (WM) is one of the most investigated cognitive functions albeit the extent to which individual characteristics impact on performance is still unclear, especially when older adults are involved. The present study considers repeated practice of a visual N-Back task with three difficulty levels (1-, 2-, and 3-Back) in healthy young and older individuals. Our results reveal that, for both age groups, the expected mental fatigue was countered by a learning effect, in terms of accuracies and reaction times, which turned out to benefit females more than males, for all three N-Back levels. We conclude that future WM studies, in particular when relying on repeated N-Back sessions, should account for learning effects in relation to mental fatigue and gender, in both young and older adults.

Does mental fatigue affect skilled performance in athletes? A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state induced by a prolonged duration of demanding cognitive tasks. The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance have been well investigated in the literature. However, the effect of mental fatigue on skilled performance in sports remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to report a comprehensive systematic review investigating the carryover effects of mental fatigue on skilled performance among athletes. METHODS: A thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost (CENTRAL, SPORTDicus), and Scopus to select relevant literature, as well as on Google Scholar and sources of reference for grey literature. The selected literatures are centred on a mental fatigue protocol in which cognitive tasks are performed prior to athletic tasks. Only studies that used an experimental design to test two conditions, namely mental fatigue and non-mental fatigue, were selected. RESULTS: Eleven articles were chosen based on the selection criteria. Mental fatigue affects skilled performance in three sports: soccer, basketball, and table tennis. A decline in skilled performance (decreased accuracy, increased performing time etc) is relevant to impaired executive functions. Seven studies focus on offensive skills, whereas only two studies are associated with defensive skills. CONCLUSION: Mental fatigue has a negative effect on various sports skills of high-level athletes, including their technical and decision-making skills; however, the impact is greater on offensive skills than that of defensive skills in terms of the role of athletes. Impaired executive functions may be responsible for the negative effects of mental fatigue on skilled performance.

Can Nurses Self-Assess Fatigue?: Implications for Nurse Leaders.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to describe nurses' self-perceptions of fatigue and to examine nurses' acceptance of specific fatigue countermeasures. BACKGROUND: The work of nurses places them at a high risk of fatigue. Evidence suggests 75% to 80% of nurses in the United States experience high levels of fatigue. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional correlational study surveyed 279 nurses. RESULTS: Results suggest that almost half of nurses (46%) are not able to accurately self-assess fatigue. Nurses expressed acceptance of several workplace fatigue reduction strategies. CONCLUSIONS: It may be unrealistic to expect nurses to self-assess fatigue levels and make decisions about their ability to safely provide patient care. Reliable methods for assessing fatigue in the workplace are needed. Several strategies exist that may be used to alleviate fatigue, and many were acceptable to nurses. Nurse leaders are well positioned to implement changes that impact the occurrence of nurse fatigue and thereby the quality of patient care.

Research on the relationship between sports scientific training and athletes' mental health / Pesquisa sobre a relação entre o treinamento científico do esporte e a saúde mental de atletas / Investigación sobre la relación entre el entrenamiento científico deportivo y la salud mental de los deportistas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Regarding sports mental fatigue research, foreign countries mainly discuss the theoretical model of mental exhaustion. Among them, Silva's theoretical model believes that sports mental fatigue is a negative training stress response. Domestic research mainly analyzes and discusses the concept, causes, and monitoring of mental fatigue. Objective: This study explores the relationship between sports fatigue and mental health of elite athletes through investigation and analysis; analyzes whether social support plays a moderating role in training stress and how aspect support plays an important role. Methods: Based on the stress theory and the negative training stress response model theory, the paper used the Mental Health Inventory (PHI), Athlete Exercise Fatigue Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale to analyze 163 outstanding athletes above the first level. Carry out investigation, use SPSS10.0 software to carry out reliability analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Results: The mental health level of elite athletes is closely related to the degree of sports fatigue, and the correlation coefficients between most factors have reached a significant level. The physical (emotional) exhaustion in sports fatigue is an important predictor of the mental health of elite athletes; age, sports grade, economic conditions, perceived family support, and mental health are important predictors of sports fatigue for elite athletes; social support is an important external "buffer" in the process of training stress, in which family support and emotional support play a major regulatory role. Conclusions: The research results can provide references for maintaining and promoting athletes' physical and mental health, provide some useful references for mental health education of sports teams, and provide empirical data for sports psychology and health psychology. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Em relação à pesquisa sobre fadiga mental no esporte, os países estrangeiros discutem principalmente o modelo teórico de esgotamento mental. Entre eles, o modelo teórico de Silva acredita que a fadiga mental esportiva é uma resposta negativa ao estresse do treinamento. A pesquisa doméstica examina e discute principalmente o conceito, as causas e o monitoramento da fadiga mental. Objetivo: Este estudo explora a relação entre fadiga esportiva e saúde mental em atletas de elite por meio de pesquisa e análise; se o suporte social desempenha um papel moderador no treinamento de estresse e como os suportes de aparência desempenham um papel importante. Métodos: Com base na teoria do estresse e na teoria do modelo de resposta negativa ao estresse do treinamento, o artigo utilizou o Mental Health Inventory (PHI), o Athlete Exercise Fatigue Questionnaire, a Social Support Rating Scale e a Perceived Social Support Scale para analisar 163 atletas de destaque. Realizamos uma investigação e usamos o software SPSS10.0 para realizar a análise de confiabilidade, a análise de correlação de Pearson e a análise de regressão linear múltipla stepwise. Resultados: O nível de saúde mental de atletas de elite está intimamente relacionado ao grau de fadiga esportiva, e os coeficientes de correlação entre a maioria dos fatores atingiram um nível significativo. A exaustão física (emocional) na fadiga esportiva é um importante preditor de saúde mental em atletas de elite; idade, nível atlético, condições econômicas, apoio familiar percebido e saúde mental são importantes preditores de fadiga esportiva para atletas de elite; O suporte social é um importante "amortecedor" externo no processo de treinamento do estresse, no qual o suporte familiar e emocional desempenham um papel regulador importante. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la investigación pueden proporcionar referencias para mantener y promover la salud física y mental de los atletas, proporcionar algunas referencias útiles para la educación en salud mental de los equipos deportivos y proporcionar datos empíricos para la psicología del deporte y la psicología de a saúde. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: En cuanto a la investigación sobre la fatiga mental deportiva, los países extranjeros discuten principalmente el modelo teórico del agotamiento mental. Entre ellos, el modelo teórico de Silva cree que la fatiga mental deportiva es una respuesta negativa al estrés del entrenamiento. La investigación doméstica examina y discute principalmente el concepto, las causas y el seguimiento de la fatiga mental. Objetivo: Este estudio explora la relación entre la fatiga deportiva y la salud mental de los deportistas de élite a través de la investigación y el análisis; si el apoyo social juega un papel moderador en el entrenamiento del estrés y cómo los apoyos de aspecto juegan un papel importante. Métodos: Basado en la teoría del estrés y la teoría del modelo de respuesta negativa al estrés del entrenamiento, el documento utilizó el Inventario de Salud Mental (PHI), el Cuestionario de Fatiga del Ejercicio del Atleta, la Escala de Calificación de Apoyo Social y la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido para analizar 163 atletas destacados. Realizamos una investigación, y utilizamos el software SPSS10.0 para realizar análisis de confiabilidad, análisis de correlación de Pearson y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple por pasos. Resultados: El nivel de salud mental de los deportistas de élite está estrechamente relacionado con el grado de fatiga deportiva, y los coeficientes de correlación entre la mayoría de factores han alcanzado un nivel significativo. El agotamiento físico (emocional) en la fatiga deportiva es un importante predictor de la salud mental de los deportistas de élite; la edad, el nivel deportivo, las condiciones económicas, el apoyo familiar percibido y la salud mental son predictores importantes de la fatiga deportiva para los atletas de élite; El apoyo social es un importante "amortiguador" externo en el proceso de entrenamiento del estrés, en el que el apoyo familiar y el apoyo emocional juegan un papel regulador importante. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la investigación pueden proporcionar referencias para mantener y promover la salud física y mental de los atletas, proporcionar algunas referencias útiles para la educación en salud mental de los equipos deportivos y proporcionar datos empíricos para la psicología del deporte y la psicología de la salud. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The impact of reader fatigue on the accuracy of capsule endoscopy interpretation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Capsule endoscopy (CE) interpretation requires the review of many thousands of images, with lesions often limited to just a few frames. In this study we aim to determine whether lesion detection declines according to the number of capsule videos read. METHODS: 32 participants, 16 of which were novices (NR) and 16 experienced (ER) capsule readers took part in this prospective evaluation study. Participants read six capsule cases with a variety of lesions, in a randomly assigned order during a single sitting. Psychomotor Vigilance Tests and Fatigue Scores were recorded prior to commencing and then after every two capsules read. Changes in lesion detection and measures of fatigue were assessed across the duration of the study. RESULTS: Mean agreement with the predefined lesions was 48.3% (SD:16.1), and 21.3% (SD:15.1) for the experienced and novice readers respectively. Lesion detection declined amongst experienced reader after the first study (p = 0.01), but remained stable after subsequent capsules read, while NR accuracy was unaffected by capsule numbers read. Objective measures of fatigue did not correlate with reading accuracy. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that reader accuracy declines after reading just one capsule study. Subjective and objective measures of fatigue were not sufficient to predict the onset of the effects of fatigue.

Mental fatigue measurement using eye metrics: A systematic literature review.

Mental fatigue measurement techniques utilize one or a combination of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses of the body. Eye-tracking and electrooculography, which are used to compute eye-based features, have gained momentum with increases in accuracy and robustness of the lightweight equipment emerging in the markets and can be used for objective and continuous assessment of mental fatigue. The main goal of this systematic review was to summarize the various eye-based features that have been used to measure mental fatigue and explore the relation of eye-based features to mental fatigue. The review process, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, used the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, ACM digital library, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed. Of the 1,385 retrieved documents, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 21 useful eye-based features. Categorizing these into eight groups revealed saccades as the most promising category, with saccade mean and peak velocity providing quick access to the cognitive states within 30 min of fatiguing activity. Complex brain networks involving sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems control the relation of mental fatigue to tonic pupil size and have the potential to indicate mental fatigue in controlled experimental conditions. Other categories, like blinks, are derived from the field of sleep research and should be used with caution. Several limitations emerged in the analysis, including varied experimental methods, use of dim lighting during the experiment (that could possibly also induce sleepiness), and use of unclear data analysis techniques, thereby complicating comparisons between studies.